AIM
To ascertain the bulking phenomena of given sample of sand.
APPARATUS
1000ml measuring jar, brush.
THEORY
Increase in volume of sand due to presence of
moisture is known as bulking of sand. Bulking is due to the formation of thin film of water around the sand
grains and the interlocking of air in between the sand grains and the film of water.
When more
water is added sand particles get submerged and volume again becomes equal to dry volume of
sand. To compensate the bulking effect extra sand is added in the concrete so that the
ratio of coarse to fine aggregate will not change from the specified value.
Maximum increase in
volume may be 20% to 40 % when moisture content is 5 % to 10 % by weight. Fine sands show
greater percentage of bulking than coarse sands with equal percentage of moisture.
Bulking is due to the formation of thin film of water around the sand
grains and the interlocking of air in between the sand grains and the film of water. When more
water is added sand particles get submerged and volume again becomes equal to dry volume of
sand. To compensate the bulking effect extra sand is added in the concrete so that the
ratio of coarse to fine aggregate will not change from the specified value. Maximum increase in
volume may be 20 % to 40 % when moisture content is 5 % to 10 % by weight. Fine sands show
greater percentage of bulking than coarse sands with equal percentage of moisture.
1) Take 1000ml measuring jar.
2) Fill it with loose dry sand upto 500ml without tamping at any stage of filling.
3) Then pour that sand on a pan and mix it thoroughly with water whose volume is equal to 2% of that of dry loose sand.
4) Fill the wet loose sand in the container and find the volume of the sand which is in excess of the dry volume of the sand.
5) Repeat the procedure for moisture content of 4%, 6%, 8%, etc. and note down the readings.
6) Continue the procedure till the sand gets completely saturated i.e till it reaches the original volume of 500ml.
OBSERVATIONS:
|
S.No |
Volume
of dry |
%
moisture |
Volume
of wet |
%
Bulking V2 – |
|
1. |
500 ml |
2% |
||
|
2. |
4% |
|||
|
3. |
6% |
|||
|
4. |
8% |
|||
|
5. |
||||
|
6. |
GRAPH
Draw a graph between
percentage moisture content on X-axis and percentage bulking on Y-axis. The points on the graph should be added as a smooth curve. Then from
the graph, determine maximum percentage of bulking and the corresponding moisture content.
PRECAUTIONS:
1) While mixing water with sand grains, mixing should be thorough and uniform.
2) The sample should not be compressed while being filled in jar.
3) The sample must be slowly and gradually poured into measuring jar from its top.
4) Increase in volume of sand due to bulking should be measured accurately.
1) While mixing water with sand grains, mixing should be thorough and uniform.
2) The sample should not be compressed while being filled in jar.
3) The sample must be slowly and gradually poured into measuring jar from its top.
4) Increase in volume of sand due to bulking should be measured accurately.
RESULT
The maximum bulking of the
given sand is -----------at -----------% of moisture content.
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